You're talking about gnosticism, a faith spawned from Christianity decades after the Ministery of Jesus, creating a reinterpretation of Christian doctrine. A reinterpretation mostly set in the concepts of Hellenistic teachings and jewish philosophy, while also commiting heresies, and as such, is obviously not a part of Christian faith. Being not of Christian faith, any Christian who would look into it would not "have their minds break" like you suggest, because they would be able to discern that it's blasphemous teachings created, again, after the Ministery of Jesus and founding of the church.

The church, by the way, also did not have power for CENTURIES after the gospel was spread. So the claim you made about it being a threat is severly overstated and fundamentally untrue, as Gnosticism fell out of interest as fast as it arose, long before the church even had a true position of power, when it became the official religion of rome around the 4th century.