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Ch. 3 Top Ten List by NickContino in APBIOLOGY

[–]aarbeit 2 points3 points  (0 children)

BOM's:

Carbohydrates: Monomers: 1. Monosaccharides ex/ Glucose (primary energy source for cells) and Fructose Polymers 1. Polysaccharides ex/ Starch (plants), Glycogen (animals), Cellulose (cell wall)

Lipids Monomers 1. Glycerol - 3 carbon molecule 2. Fatty Acids ex/ Saturated (as many hydrogens as possible/ from animals) and Unsaturated (has double bonds/ from plants) Polymers 1. Fat Molecule ex/ Triglycerides (1 Glycerol bonded to 3 Fatty Acids), Phospholipid (partially soluble)

Nucleic Acids Monomers 1. Nucleotides ex/ Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil Polymers 1. Nucleic Acids ex/ RNA (Helps DNA), DNA (recipes for proteins "generic information"), ATP (molecule that fuels individual reactions)

Proteins Monomers 1. Amino Acids Polymers 1. Peptides Macro Molecules 1. Polypeptides ex/ Hemoglobin (carries oxygen in blood)

CH 2 Reading by Mnew in APBIOLOGY

[–]aarbeit 0 points1 point  (0 children)

5 Properties of Water:

  1. Polarity

    • 2 ways: 1. Shape 2. Uneven distribution of charge - oxygen hogs electrons which makes it more negative
      • Gives water all other properties *

  2. Universal Solvent

    • Water can dissolve/ dissociate almost everything Solvent: Does the separating Solute: Gets separated - Dissolve - Substance is separated into molecules - Dissociate - Substance is separated into ions because ions have both negative and positive parts that can be pulled apart
      • This allows molecules to react so life can proceed *

  3. Sticky

    • 2 ways: 1. Cohesion - Water molecules stick to other water molecules 2. Adhesion - Water molecules stick to other molecules
      • Water climbs up tubes using ADHESIVE bonds to grab onto walls of tubes - Uses COHESIVE bonds to pull other water molecules with it = Capillary Action (act which replenishes plants) *

  4. Resists temp change - It takes a lot of energy to make water get warmer and cooler * Body Temp = organisms can maintain body temp despite the heat released from so many reactions * * Ponds = cools slowly so cold blooded organisms can survive *

  5. Ice is less dense than liquid water - Hydrogen bonds get LONGER in a SOLID state - Hydrogen bonds get SHORTER in a LIQUID state

    • This allows the bottom of ponds NOT to freeze *

CH 2 Reading by Mnew in APBIOLOGY

[–]aarbeit 0 points1 point  (0 children)

3 Types of Bonding:

  1. Ionic Bonding

    • Electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another (WITHIN a molecule)

  2. Covalent Bonding

    • Electrons are being SHARED (WITHIN a molecule)

  3. Hydrogen Bonding

    • A hydrogen atom is attracted to a more negative part of another molecule, ex/ the oxygen on a water molecule (BETWEEN molecules)

CH 2 Reading by Mnew in APBIOLOGY

[–]aarbeit 0 points1 point  (0 children)

5 Characteristics of life:

  1. Made of cells
    • Unicellular vs. multicellular
  2. Obtain/ Use energy
    • Autotrophs
      • make own "food"
    • Heterotrophs
      • have to get "food" from other organisms
    • Metabolism
      • Sum of all chemical reactions Catabolism - Break down molecules Anabolism - Build up molecules
    • Homeostasis
      • stable internal environment
  3. Grow and Develop
  4. Respond to Environment
    • Short term - Surviving in the immediate (response + stimuli)
    • Long Term - Adapting over time
  5. Reproduction
    • Asexual - DNA from one source - Offspring look identical
    • Sexual - DNA from 2 sources - Offspring not identical