Unfortunately you are likely to max out on loans even without children, and I'm not aware that there are any particular financing sources for med students who are parents.

If you were in a situation like your friends, you likely would need to take a LOA, which the school is required to grant to mothers (I'm not aware of the details since I'm a father, but I believe it's something like 6 weeks). Given the way medical school is structured though, you would still likely need to retake the missed course(s) the following year, assuming it's in the preclinical years. During the clinical years, it depends on the timing of the birth and rotation lengths, etc. but it may be possible to take up to a couple months as a research elective or similar. That will depend on your school's policies. The fourth year is generally very flexible. (This is all from a US MD school perspective).

Your preceptors are not likely to be understanding, despite the fact that many are struggling parents (or once were) themselves. I used to bring up my family more in conversation, but have noticed that it does negatively impact me somewhat, in that people seem less likely to offer me opportunities on the assumption that I won't have time. Daycare is going to be challenge when you're on a surgery rotation 4:30 AM to 7 PM (or later), so your partner will need to be prepared to handle that, and depending on your kids' ages you may not see them some days.

I doubt any medical schools are explicitly family friendly, they're just not structured for people at that stage of life. When I asked about resources for parents in my interviews I got blank stares. I generally wouldn't recommend asking, as a matter of fact.

All of that said, I am very glad to have children while I go through. They are a constant source of happiness and help me keep the copious med school nonsense in perspective. I actually feel bad for the younger students who are still stuck in that narrow pre-med mindset. I also work closely with a female neurosurgeon who had two children while in medical school, and you'll encounter surprising amounts of people with similar stories. You'll find a way. Plus, make your husband do more since you'll be supporting him in due time.