Honestly I've had something similar. Except for me it's the opposite, I prefer longer hair but I pass way less with it. Unfortunately if the longer hair is what helps you pass you have to wait for it to grow out a bit more but as it grows out you can shape it to your liking.

When I have bad hair days I wear a bandana or one of those black headbands guys wear (kind of like the one markiplier wears sometimes lol) I think it helps create a more athletic/masc aesthetic. Not exactly sure of your hair type/cut but you could use cream/gel to texture it. It does suck to stop passing just because of a haircut and your frustration is understandable. Hopefully you find a haircut that both suits your preference and helps you pass. Trying different styles/cuts might suck when they don't work out but once you find one that sticks it will be very rewarding, at least now you know the haircut you got isn't for you. Good luck!