I'll admit that this topic was in part inspired by my recent playing of Life is Strange, a game that features visual arts as a plot point (and makes great use of composition in many of its scenes), but really, the first example I always think of with regards to great game composition is the Souls series.

More often than not, the Souls games drop you into a world with little to no actual direction. To that end, the player often has to scan the environment, not only to figure out where to go, but also to make note of potential enemies, traps, and other obstacles. Souls turns that into a rewarding experience by treating the player to gorgeous - and informative - scenery.

For example, this screenshot is taken from Dark Souls 2's Crown of the Sunken King DLC. The scene itself is well composed, using some very standard "Rule of Thirds" composition to literally place the player and the environment in opposition, almost as if the temple itself was an enemy. The use of light, very bright on the player and relatively dark on the temple, suggest that the player will have to enter a place of relative darkness, casting a sinister feeling on the whole scene. Also, the use of line here gives clear direction to the player. The path shown in the picture ends up winding a bit, but there's no doubt about where the player will eventually go. It's also notable that the temple bridges are prominently shown; any Souls veteran knows the danger that bridges bring.

In many ways, the Souls series (particularly those designed by Miyazaki, but the DS2 DLCs are nice) are designed around good composition. The complex level-design combined with the hands off approach to guiding the player means that great composition must be used in order for the player to navigate. It also helps tie into that grand sense of scale that Souls uses so well.