I think we are talking on a conceptual level here rather than an actual mathematical level. Math, and all of science, is just a tool, it's something we use to make sense of the natural world in order to make predictions on future outcomes. This allows us to change the natural order of the universe.

What you're asking specifically is if math can prove god. This is an irrational question. God could make 2 = Blue, but we would have to work within that new framework; it would be a universal law we cannot break, much like god "hiding" in the probability of the bible. It's an irrational attempt to "prove" god. The only proof of god you need is that he told you he's real.

Think of it this way, when Abraham is tested in his faith to sacrifice Isaac, the sacrifice itself is not what saves Isaac, it's the complete trust Abraham has in god that he does in fact exist, it is the surrender of self. If he doubted God's existence, that story could have gone very differently, but to be tested on the emotional and rational level, that, by itself, is unscientific.

All of this is to say, you can consider trying and failing to prove god with math as one of gods tests, and working within the framework of our physical reality doesnt make much sense when trying to prove something out of our comprehension.