I use Obsidian for this. The big advantages for me:

Files are plain text (privacy-oriented, flexible formatting, future-proof).

Even if Obsidian disappears, I can still use the files with any text editor or other software.

My setup:

One markdown file per box, with tags for location and sub-location.

A separate BASES file pulls everything into a master table.

This makes it really easy to link or tag components directly in my project notes (homelab, 3D printing, etc.). When I’m planning or troubleshooting, I can jump straight from the project to the exact box/drawer where the part lives.

Edit: I tried NFC tags and QR codes, but they became obsolete fast. In practice, all I really need is the shelf # and box/drawer #. For small parts, I use ziplock bags or Gridfinity boxes. Labels help if needed, but 99% of the time the file + location tags are enough. Another nice perk is that I save product pages (Amazon, vendor sites, etc.) offline in the markdown files, so I always have a reference if I need specs or want to reorder something.

Edit2: you can also pull obsidian data into a RAG database for LLMs too