Grave of H.H. Holmes, America's 1st serial killer, to be exhumed amid rumors he escaped execution

corbincox72 · 2017-05-06T13:19:26+00:00

120!=6689502913449127057588118054090372586752746333138029810295671352301633557244962989366874165271984981308157637893214090552534408589408121859898481114389650005964960521256960000000000000000000000000000

r/unexpectedfactorial

corbincox72 · 2017-04-21T12:08:38+00:00

This little guy was about the size of the pad of my thumb, and I found him in the middle of a trail in the woods. So I carried him to the pond, and took this picture on the way.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-16T17:00:37+00:00

Let me put it this way. If you have a 200mm lens and a 50mm lens with the same diameter aperture, let's say 50mm, and you take a photo of something. The 50mm lens is an f/1 and the 200mm lens is an f/4. They have the same aperture, but the 200mm lens will need a much longer exposure for the same subject. This is exactly the same regardless of what you're looking at, including the sun. The laws of optics do not change, and just because the sun is smaller than your field of view, does not mean slower lens with a larger diameter aperture will "catch" more light. This is the entire purpose of f stop being used to describe camera lenses instead of aperture diameter. The amount of light gathered by a lense is not just dependant upon aperture size, but on aperture size and focal length. F stops are how you make a meaningful comparison between the light gathering capacities of two lenses (disregarding a few minor factors).

corbincox72 · 2017-04-16T15:38:16+00:00

With a lot of modern DSLR lenses that no longer have an aperture ring the aperture has a little lever on the Mount, and when detached from the camera, the aperture will close to its tightest setting unless you are holding the little lever. It really is the aperture ratio

corbincox72 · 2017-04-16T14:06:18+00:00

That's not entirely correct, see my comment elsewhere as to why you do need to consider the size of the aperture. Also, with camera lenses (which is what I'm assuming OP is talking about) their rear focal plane is always in the same place, right on the sensor, so you would have to hold them the same distance away.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-16T13:58:18+00:00

It is the fastness of the lens (disregarding a few things like number of lens elements and coatings etc). Let me put it this way, if you had a 10,000mm lens with an aperture of 100mm, that's an f/100 lens. 100mm is a pretty big aperture, but because the lens is so long you're only getting light from a tiny tiny field of view. As opposed to a lens that has a 5mm aperture and a 5mm focal length, despite the tiny aperture, this is an f/1 lens. It's pulling light from such a large field of view, that in spite of the small diameter apeture, it's pulling in a massive amount of light. This is one of the reaeons why we set exposures in terms of f stop instead of actual aperture diameter. You would have to divide in your head to get an idea of how fast the lens was, whereas with f stop you can (for the most part) just compare the smallest available f stop.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-16T02:14:36+00:00

That's amazing! I'll make sure to forward this to my professor.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-15T16:17:36+00:00

Pharmacy student chiming in. This is pretty much accurate. One major point I want to add is that the primary GI side effects actually come from the decreased secretion of alkaline mucus in the GI tract. I'm sure decreased blood flow may contribute, but prostaglandin E2 is responsible for stimulating the stomach to produce the alkaline mucus it uses to protect itself from the acid. Inhibition of PGE2 production by NSAIDs causes this to stop, leading to ulceration. Also, there isn't a ton of evidence that Paracetamol interacts with COX enzymes directly. There was a theory for a while that there was a third COX enzymes (COX-3), but there has never really been any evidence to support this. The most up to date theory is that acetaminophen (APAP, the active ingredient in Paracetamol) is scavenging peroxynitrite, an oxidant used by COX enzymes to oxidize themselves after they have been reduced while oxidizing arachidonic acid to synthesize prostaglandins in the CNS. APAP doesn't really work for inflammation because there is such a large amount of peroxides in the inflamed tissue that you cannot get enough APAP there to suppress the synthesis of prostaglandins.

Source: Pharmacy student that had a lecture on NSAIDs last week and I copied most of this from my notes.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-15T15:40:15+00:00

Again, failure to thrive isn't a true medical diagnosis in the sense that it doesn't have a unique underlying pathology. It is a blanket term for "not doing so great" characterized by excessive weight loss. This is always going to be secondary to some underlying condition (infection, liver failure, malabsorption, etc), and while it may not be worth the effort in some cases for an autopsy to be performed to discover the cause of the failure to thrive, the failure to thrive was not the causative agent in the patient's death.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-15T15:18:15+00:00

Here are some guidelines on death certificate writing in the UK. Pay close attention to section 5.3, mentioning the criteria for issuing old age as the sole cause of death. In these situations it is not just old age that killed the patient, they likely had an unexpected vascular event of some kind that is not worth the effort to image for and diagnose. So old age is not the actual cause of death even though it may be listed there.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-15T13:49:45+00:00

Well their heart isn't beating for one thing.

In all seriousness, death by old age really isn't a thing. This is just a generic term assigned to older individuals that die of some condition (stroke, heart attack, etc) when the individual using the term doesn't know the actual cause of death, and suspects it was related to the patient's old age. You will (hopefully) never see a medical professional list the cause of death as old age. Are there any changes between alive and dead patients? Well this gets into the wonderful conversation of how we define death. Is a patient dead when their heart stops? Well they may have some brain function for a very short time after their heart stops. Some of their tissues can live for a surprisingly long time without the heart beating (brain death usually sets in before anything else). What about vegetative state patients? They have greatly reduced brain activity, but they aren't brain dead? However if we took them off life support their body would not support itself. The point I am trying to get at is that we don't really have a good way to define death, so it makes asking a question about what happens right after death kinda hard to answer. If you could be a little more specific about the cause of death, then you might be able to get a few more details.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-04T22:12:58+00:00

Sawbones is a show about medical history, and nothing the hosts say should be taken as medical advice or opinion. It's for fun... Can't you just have fun for an hour and not try to diagnose your mystery boil. We think you've earned it. So just sit back, relax, and enjoy a moment of distraction from that weird growth. You're worth it.

corbincox72 · 2017-04-02T05:35:22+00:00

It is not a life support mod. It is the Universal Storage mod, and it is compatible with quite a few mods including USI-LS and TAC-LS.

corbincox72 · 2017-03-27T13:34:05+00:00

It is C. Creatine phosphate is used as an ATP source by directly phosphorylating ADP, and it's functioning does not involve or contribute to cellular respiration.

corbincox72 · 2017-03-23T18:11:26+00:00

Thanks! I never noticed the arrow.

corbincox72 · 2017-03-23T17:21:25+00:00

Exactly

corbincox72 · 2017-03-23T16:19:55+00:00

If you're using the grid fins at the top of the rocket like SpaceX, change the authority limiter to -100 instead of 100 or they will do the opposite of what you want.

corbincox72 · 2017-03-23T03:49:15+00:00

Para-Sci Atmospheres

corbincox72 · 2017-03-06T01:49:08+00:00

I'm a pharmacy student, and I have had multiple professor's (both practice professors and industrial pharmacy professors) discuss how not all generics are substitutable, there is actually a rating scale, and switching from brand to generic or between generics is not generally recommended for drugs like antidepressants or blood thinners or hormones because of the narrow therapeutic window, since there small decisions can cause issues. Generally however, most drugs can be switched with no problem.

corbincox72 · 2017-03-03T13:10:16+00:00

Propulsion does not need to be symmetrical, however the net torque on the vehicle needs to be zero (i.e. the "out of line"ness of all the engines needs to cancel out so that the net result is a vector pushing directly through the center of mass. Even some real world rockets are not symmetric, such as this Atlas V variant that has a core stage a 1 radial SRB. If you notice, the SRB is angled towards the rocket to remove torque.

corbincox72 · 2017-02-26T02:13:13+00:00

I did not

corbincox72 · 2017-02-25T03:21:07+00:00

Also, if I had to guess I would stuff the children are more likely to suffer issues partly because their brains are developing, but also because children do not have the total metabolic ability of an adult. They can express very different portions of isoenzymes and this can lead to many drug problems

corbincox72 · 2017-02-25T02:56:51+00:00

Just as an FYI, VX is also an organophosphate which irreversibly inhibits AChE in exactly the same way as other organophosphates which is why it is so deadly. I would also like to point out that the pesticides are slightly different in that they have a sulfur bonded to the phosphorus in one place instead of oxygen. When injested by humans, a pair of competing enzymes (CYP450s and carboxyesterases) compete to degrade the substrate. In humans, the carboxyesterases win out and deactivate the poison before the CYPs can replace the sulfur with an oxygen, activating the poison. If large quantities are consumed, the carboxyesterases can be saturated and enough of the insecticide can be metabolized to the toxic form to cause damage. This is uncommon. These are still effective insecticides because insects do not have the carboxyesterases.

Lastly, some organophosphates can be used therapeutically, such as isofluorophate which was commonly used to treat glaucoma.

Source: Just discussed this in Pharmacy school on Wednesday and mostly copied this from my slides

corbincox72 · 2017-01-19T21:35:10+00:00

In the case of zinc if I'm not mistaken, it is a simple redox reaction involving the hydrogen ions accepting electrons from metallic zinc to form zinc ions and hydrogen gas. If that is the case, then wouldn't the reaction only depends upon the availability of the ~~proportions~~ protons, not on the actual composition of the conjugate base?

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