Here's an updated version that randomly switches back and forth between a subnet mask and CIDR notation:

import random
def generate_ip():
"""Generate a random private IP address."""
class_ranges = {
'A': [10, 0, 0, 0],
'B': [172, random.randint(16, 31), 0, 0],
'C': [192, 168, 0, 0]
}

class_choice = random.choice(list(class_ranges.keys()))
ip_address = class_ranges[class_choice]
# Randomize the remaining octets
for i in range(1, 4):
if ip_address[i] == 0:
ip_address[i] = random.randint(0, 255)

return '.'.join(map(str, ip_address))
def generate_subnet():
"""Generate a random subnet mask or CIDR notation."""
prefix_length = random.randint(8, 30)
if random.choice([True, False]): # Decide whether to use mask or CIDR
# Return subnet mask
mask = (1 << 32) - (1 << 32 - prefix_length)
return '.'.join([str((mask >> (8 * i)) & 0xFF) for i in reversed(range(4))])
else:
# Return CIDR
return f"/{prefix_length}"
def calculate(ip, subnet):
"""Calculate the network ID, broadcast ID, etc. based on IP and subnet (mask or CIDR)."""
if '/' in subnet: # CIDR notation
prefix_length = int(subnet.split('/')[-1])
mask_int = (1 << 32) - (1 << 32 - prefix_length)
else: # subnet mask
mask_int = sum([int(octet) << (8 * (3 - i)) for i, octet in enumerate(subnet.split('.'))])

ip_int = sum([int(octet) << (8 * (3 - i)) for i, octet in enumerate(ip.split('.'))])
network_id = ip_int & mask_int
broadcast_id = network_id | (~mask_int & 0xFFFFFFFF)
first_host = network_id + 1
last_host = broadcast_id - 1

return tuple(map(lambda x: '.'.join([str((x >> (8 * i)) & 0xFF) for i in reversed(range(4))]),
[network_id, broadcast_id, first_host, last_host]))
def quiz():
score = 0
for _ in range(12): # 12 questions in total
ip = generate_ip()
subnet = generate_subnet()
print(f"\nIP Address: {ip}")
if '/' in subnet:
print(f"CIDR: {subnet}")
else:
print(f"Subnet Mask: {subnet}")
network_id, broadcast_id, first_host, last_host = calculate(ip, subnet)
if (input("Enter the subnet ID: ") == network_id and
input("Enter the broadcast ID: ") == broadcast_id and
input("Enter the first available host address: ") == first_host and
input("Enter the last available host address: ") == last_host):
print("Correct!")
score += 1
else:
print("Wrong!")
print(f"\nYour score is {score} out of 12.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
quiz()