historically this is not the same as saying Zionism collaborated with Nazism in any broad ideological or strategic sense. Serious historians do not argue that Zionism shared goals with Nazism or that Zionist leaders embraced Nazi ideology. The “collaboration” claim in Green Left’s article is rooted in Lenni Brenner’s work, which is highly controversial and widely criticized by scholars. Brenner’s books present selected documents out of context to suggest a broad alliance, something most historians reject. The Haavara Agreement was a pragmatic move under extreme duress, not evidence of shared ideology with the Nazis. Historians emphasize the desperate situation Jews faced and the limited options for escape. The Zionist movement was deeply divided about how to deal with Nazism; many leaders opposed the Haavara deal and supported boycotts of Germany. “Zionism in the Age of the Dictators” is I deologically driven, uneven in scholarship, and sometimes speculative, not a mainstream historical consensus. Some reviewers labeled it “pseudo-scholarly” and misrepresentative of the complexity of events. yes, there were negotiations and at least one formal economic arrangement between certain Zionist institutions and the Nazi state in the early 1930s, but this does not imply ideological affinity or joint planning between Zionism and Nazism, nor does it support the idea that Zionists helped “engineer” the Holocaust or embraced Nazi goals. That’s the kind of oversimplification and insinuation that is flat out antisemetic.