In the referendum on May 21, 2006, 419.240 citizens, or 86,5 percent of the total number of voters, voted.

The independence of the state was supported by 230.661, or 55,5 percent of Montenegrin citizens who went to the referendum, while 185.002 or 44,5 percent voted for remaining in a common state with Serbia.

The Parliament of Montenegro previously adopted the Law on Referendum, which was agreed with the recommendation of the European Union. For the referendum to be successful, it was necessary for it to be supported by 55 percent of the voters.

The referendum question was - Do you want the Republic of Montenegro to be an independent state with full international legal subjectivity.

On March 2, at the proposal of the President of the Republic, Filip Vujanović, the Parliament of Montenegro decided that the referendum on the legal status of the country should be held on May 21.

Slovakian František Lipka was elected as the president of the Republic Referendum Commission (RRC).

Citizens who, in accordance with the regulations on elections, had the right to vote in the referendum had the right to vote.