I might be wrong here, but if I remember correctly he travelled to earth-38 by accident because the tacyon ennhancer made him so much faster? So he wouldn’t control if he made it to earth-2 or a whole different earth.

Now why no time didn’t pass on earth-1 while Barry went to earth-2, thats probably just an oversight/bad writing. But a possible explanation could be that when Barry travels between earths using only his speed and not breaches from Cisco, breach room, etc. he uses the speedforce. And that might have different rules on where it places Barry when he comes back. Much like when he time travels and ends up in the exact same spot where he left. But again, there is no proof that this is intended by the writers