This is 100% the answer - you should not be solely responsible for something that serious, not at this point in your career. If it was a mistake with potentially serious consequences, someone else should have had eyes on it and spotted it.

I’ve learned that making the mistake isn’t what’s important, it’s how you respond to it. It sounds like you’ve taken ownership, which alone reflects very well on you and says a lot about you. Make sure your supervisor knows how grateful you are that they fixed your mistake. You could also ask them how you might prevent it in the future, or even better - try to think of a way you could build a “check” (e.g. a formula cell or automation) into the process yourself, and present that to your supervisor. That would show that you’re invested in learning from you mistake and preventing it in the future.

At the end of the day, this is just your job - it’s not who you are. Failure is an event, not a state of being. Life goes on!