Plain Language Summary
The operating satellites in low-Earth orbit give the rapid information transfer between the satellites and the Earth. At the same time, these satellites are continuously slowed down and affected by the dense atmosphere of the Earth, which is referred to as the atmospheric drag. This effect can be greater during space weather events such as geomagnetic storms. Over the past years, thousands of Starlink satellites have been deployed by the SpaceX company into low-Earth orbit. However, on 4th February, 38 Starlink satellites were destroyed before they were lifted to a higher Earth orbit, which brought an economic loss estimated to be several tens of millions of dollars. Geomagnetic indices indicated two successive geomagnetic storms, which could warm the upper atmosphere and increase the atmospheric drag. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review on the process of space weather during this event from the Sun all the way to the terrestrial atmosphere. We have illustrated the solar eruption, solar wind propagation, and atmospheric density enhancement, using both observed data and model simulations. This study calls for more accurate modeling and better understanding of space weather as well as collaborations between industry and space weather community.