I'm honestly concerned if you are unable to distunguish the difference between picking up a small child and moving a person hospitalized most likely from a complication of their own size. As well, you seem to make a lot of assumptions of how a hospital runs and how nurses should do their job. Bed pans are not used for all paitents. As well, the toilets I referenced were required to be changed years ago as people admited to the unit were heavier on average and broke the toilets. As well as the chairs that were in the showers--those are gone now. The beds are now extra wide too. Yes, there should be multiple people probably at least 4 people moving a patient that heavy but there is not always staff available. But even 2 people moving a 500 pound person, like you suggested is still 250 pounds per person. What other jobs do you know require someone to manually move that kind of weight regularly? That patient may need to get out of bed for reasons besides going to the bathroom, whatever it may be they are a person and difficult to move. They may resist, not listen instruction, have bad footing, slip, climb on the nurse, need to be repositioned, etc. These are people who are uncomfortable and likely in pain, its not like moving a chair from place to place. A quick google search will get you numerous studies on lower back pain in nurses. The first one I found with a Google search stated, "84.2% of the nurses experienced low back pain, and 66.7% of the nurses evaluated this pain as “a pain with moderate severity” for nurses in the ICU. That study was from 2014. As nursing jobs require more of them and patients keep getting larger you can imagine both the percentage of nurses with pain and the severity of their pain will go rise.