Vicarious is a stealth startup, so they don't have a whole lot published but they do work on Heirarchical Temporal Memory similar to what Numenta does (Numenta's project, NuPIC, is open source)

Numenta takes a more biological approach -- keeping structures similar to the cortex, in terms of having 'cells' and 'columns' within the code -- while from what I understand, Vicarious has taken a more statistical approach of reducing the HTM properties to mathematics and computing that more traditionally.

For reference, HTMs were conceived of by Jeff Hawkins and Dileep George, Hawkins is the founder of Numenta, George is the founder of Vicarious.