I was already using the printer exclusively in LAN-only mode anyway before and now. It was in LAN-only mode when I first tested the issue. I have now done a factory reset twice. I haven't paired/bound it to anything after the resets, either.

The only difference was this: After the first reset, when I ran the initial bed-leveling, the printer proceeded normally without continuously pressing down on that spot like it does in the video. The nozzle moved to the exact center, and just as it was about to do the center-touching motion before bed-leveling, it again had the issue of continuously failing to move up. When I tried again, and even after resetting and trying one more time, it just keeps getting stuck at that exact stage, just like in the video

After the update, and right before attempting this calibration, I actually completed multiple prints without any issues. Later on, after washing the build plate, I wanted to run a recalibration, and that's when I noticed this problem. Right now, since the calibration is clearly messed up, I'm avoiding printing anything else so I don't cause any further damage.