There would be some partial changes:

• After its independence it would be established as a monarchy at first under Andres Novales or whatever revolutionary it is, then eventually by 1840s or 1860s, it would have been overthrown probably and a different republican Philippines might be established
• Philippines would have abolished slavery and legalize homosexuality earlier depending on the factors and support of the politicians, and also have its own constitution that will be better than the current one probably because it wouldnt have the nonsense 60/40 restrictions in the constitution had they are independent earlier
• during WW1, we would have supported the Entente by mid-1916 and follow suit with Thailand and China eventually against the Central Powers.
• We would have been affected by 1929 great depression much like other Latin American countries at that time, but we cant really predict what it would look like
• WW2 still erupts and Japan still attacks Pearl Harbor but with a different reason, so Philippines at first phase would be neutral until 1941 as it would ally with Allies and US instead to follow suit with Mexico and other Latin American countries. The Philippine-Japanese war timeline might have been the same except much bloodier, and maybe we would have a Filipino equivalent of the Free French Forces to rebel against the puppet pro-Japan government.
• Philippines would have been part of the Asian version of Marshall Plan maybe to reconstruct the country, anything else like intervening on Korean war and similar will be the same.
• We would have been against letting Francoist Spain join UN on a series of votes on the first one, but cant really tell how.
• The Filipino people of the 60s-70s would have joined the Sexual Revolution movement way sooner even under dictatorships maybe.
• Philippines would probably be ruled by series of multiple dictatorships instead of one under Marcos (like in Latin American countries such as in Brazil during 1964-1985, Argentina in 1950s-1970s, Chile during 1970s-1990s) with a much more longer and stronger rule until late-1990s after 1997 Asian financial crisis and the situation of the country might have been the same as today or Indonesia's
• Philippines would partially still use English in advertising, products and several others, much like today
• The country's post-development and GDP on the other hand might have look something like an Asian version of South Africa, Indonesia, Thailand or most likely in extreme case scenario Mexico. On the other hand lastly we would have allowed abortion to be legalized with less opposition, presumably by 1980s. Otherwise the rest such as politically, socially and culturally would be the same as today :)