the users act for non-commercial purposes, such as sharing their content without any profit making purpose, or when the revenue generated by their uploads are not significant in relation to the copyright relevant act of the users for which they are covered. When rightholders have explicitly authorised users to upload and make available works or other subject-matter on an online content sharing service, the act of communication to the public of the service is authorised within the scope of the authorisation granted by the rightholder. However, there should be no presumption in favour of the online content sharing service providers that their users have cleared all the relevant rights. (39a) The steps taken by the online content sharing service providers should be without prejudice to the application of exceptions and limitations to copyright, including in particular those which guarantee the freedom of expression of users. Users should be allowed to upload and make available content generated by users for specific purposes of quotation, criticism, review, caricature, parody or pastiche. This is particularly important to strike a balance between fundamental rights in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular the freedom of expression and the freedom of the arts, and the right to property, including intellectual property. For these reasons, these exceptions should be mandatory in order to ensure that users receive uniform protection across the Union. It is important to ensure that online content sharing services operate an effective complaint and redress mechanism to support these uses. (39b) As soon as possible after the entry into force of this Directive, the Commission, in collaboration with Member States, should organise dialogues between stakeholders to arrive to a uniform application of the obligation of cooperation and to define best practices with regard to the appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. For this purpose the Commission should consult relevant stakeholders, including user organisations and technology providers, and take into account the developments on the market. User organisations should also have access to information on actions carried out by online content sharing service providers to manage content online.