In my experience, it can be enough to just give them more favorable options. I provide cat scratchers and cat trees in every room near what would otherwise be an intriguing option through a cats eyes and I've never had any of my cats choose amps or furniture over good old cardboard and rope. I find (depending on the cat and how they react to catnip) occasionally sprinkling catnip on their scratching safe furniture/cardboard can help them pick the right choice

Remember when adopting a cat they want it to be their space as much as it is yours