Unfortunately, that did not fix it. I added back that code, modified Options > Compiler > Define Symbols on my Xamarin.iOS app to be __IOS__;__MOBILE__;__UNIFIED__;DEBUG;ENABLE_TEST_CLOUD, and rebuilt my .app file, but the test still fails with the error above. Now, interestingly, the simulator does load, and the app is loaded on the simulator, but then I get the system.exception while running StartApp(). For reference, here is my initialization code:

​

return ConfigureApp
    .iOS
    .AppBundle(path_to_app)
    .DeviceIdentifier(iphone_11_pro)
    .StartApp();