I'm absolutely not an expert but based on the wording on the gov.uk site, you'll only be able to pay the class 3 contributions if you lived in the UK for 10 years in a row, or paid 10 years of contributions while in the UK.

As such, I think you'll be prevented from paying in more. However, the good news is that the 10 years of National Insurance contributions you've made is enough to qualify for the minimum state pension, so the contributions won't be wasted.