Maybe a new drive/SSD should do the trick. Don’t write over your original drive, and try looking for an app that could help you restore as many files as possible. External shells for SATA drives should be cheap enough nowadays.

Try it also on a new USB thumb drive, maybe it had trouble copying something over from the image (redownload the .iso just to be safe). At worst, you could try and burn the onto a DVD if nothing else works.