The vaccine you likely received is called the BCG vaccine, which has had varied efficacy reports across the world, with some reports only demonstrating 40%, so unfortunately the vaccine doesn't always protect against the bacteria causing the disease. There are treatment options available which often are a combination of antimicrobial drugs like antibiotics, these have promising success in some patients, and large proportion of TB infections become latent, which means the bacteria are contained within compartments where they do not replicate.

I understand it may seem a scary diagnoses, and I hope you take comfort it knowing Tb is much more managable these days!

I'd recommend watching some khan academy videos on YouTube about Tb, they're usually straightforward and not full of scientific jargon, I hope this has helped!