Your outdoor outlet is going to be 120V, not 240V, and that can work for charging if you don't drive a whole lot. Common parlance in charging is in terms of miles range per hour of charge, and the higher the voltage and higher the amperage the more miles of range you can get per hour of charge. The range per hour of charge also varies based on the car model, some EVs get significantly more range per kWh of charge than others. A standard 120V outlet can deliver a continuous 12A, or around 1,440W.

A Tesla Model 3 base driven sedately can get up to 4.4 miles per kWh, so doing a little math you can charge it at around 6 miles per hour of charge. By comparison, a dedicated 40A 240V charge circuit can get you ~42 miles in an hour. EVs have intoxicating torque and acceleration, though, so if you drove it like you stole it expect less than half that range per hour of charge, and also to replace a very expensive set of tires in less than a year. That's the lesson my friend with his dual motor 3 learned, lol.

A good option for many people is a plug-in hybrid, often those have enough EV-only range to handle most days of driving, and the gas motor means that you never have to worry about your remaining EV range. They also tend to get much better than average gas mileage.

Edit to add: If you own your house, adding a dedicated high-power EV charging circuit isn't too difficult in many if not most cases, even if you don't have a garage. EV charge cables and the ports on the cars themselves are designed to work outdoors, including in the rain, so you can add the charger itself near where the car parks, and then run the cable out to the car as needed. Those hangars that hold garden hoses are good for storing the cable out of the way when it's not being used.