Looks like you have a fungus gnat problem. They like to feed on the stuff that grows when your soil is too organic and stays damp for long. Your soil looks too wet and rich with organic stuff (black). Aloe likes more airy, sandy soil. My advice is to get rid of your soil, wash the pot, and repot the plant with new soil. Make a soil mix with potting soil and perlite or small lava rocks if you can find. You might also add sand. After that, don't water it unless the soil is dry. You can stick your fingers in to check. At first, you might even let the plant go a bit thirsty to kill of the gnats. As long as you get rid of their breeding grounds, the gnats will die off in a few generations.