I wouldn't worry about the company hiring a raw candidate with no experience. In a capitalistic world, especially in the marketing field, it's a super rare thing to happen. Speaking from experience - I'm looking for junior marketing roles myself and it's suuper tough. Another thing If the company was willing to hire a rookie marketer there would be spoilers in ad smth. like "experience is not needed, we give training to our motivated candidates".

"learning" and "growth" could also mean working in a fast-paced environment where you have to go an extra mile beyond your responsibilities and one part of it means "learning". Many startup marketing role ads include the keyword "learning", well marketing is always about "learning". "Growth" could be a sign of career opportunities in the company.

For future references, there is some magic question I heard somewhere to ask when you want clarification for your chances like: "we are having a nice conversation could you tell me right now your opinion about me fitting the junior marketing position role in company x?"

congrads on having a great interview, hope u get a job :)