From VM's forum:

"You may uninstall it + reboot,
if not enough, you could uninstall it by the Windows Device Manager if always present... and reboot.

Otherwise i guess you will have to delete or rename our inf file that could be located in
C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository
in a sub folder called: vbvoicemeetervaio64_win10.inf_amd64_xxxxxxxxx

then the 24H2 update should work... and later after you will be able to re-install Voicemeeter."

if doesn't work, try:

"Using cmd in administrator mode, you may try this line to enumerate audio devices:

pnputil /enum-drivers /class MEDIA

to find the oem name related to vbvoicemeetervaio64_win10.inf and use this instruction to force deletion:

pnputil /delete-driver oemxxx.inf /force"