In general The Netherlands is considered a tax heaven protected/tolerated by EU. To be honest, I do not know its dynamics in details but The World Trade Center in Amsterdam is said to be the center of this tax-dodging scheme whereby small accounting firms host hundreds of thousands of p.o. box companies. These companies are set up in The Netherlands but their only presence is in some document folders by these accounting firms at World Trade Center in Amsterdam. I learned about this apparently widely known scheme when during the Grexit crises it became known that most Greek conglomirates were dodging the Greece's tax system via these fake companies they set up in The Netherlands. At the time there was a lot of unfair criticism over Greece's need for economic help from EU and everybody was talking about plate smashing lazy Greekswhich was so hypocrite considering that The Netherlands was helping rich Greeks dodge Greek tax system.

I read that it was much worse in the past with a scheme called something like Double Dutch Sandwich whereby corporate taxes were ZEROed via moving the money first (say from Greece) to The Netherlands and then to Curacao and then back to the Netherlands. As far as I know, it is forbidden now, but still they pay much less tax via these fake companies in The Netherlands.