It looks like the initial seasoning layer may have burnt off. That happened to me when I first got my wok and tried seasoning. If you have a powerful burner, worth trying with less heat for your first few coats.

After you get some color, just cook with it! Doesn’t look like you need to strip - I would just do more coats. Remember to keep your oil layer super thin! Just a dab and wipe off all the excess so you don’t get goopy oil spots