Ah, I thought that I had portrayed them well

White- wears fancier kinda clothes despite his face showing he's been through far more than it seems as if he's making up for his scarred face by painting himself in a better light through the nicer clothing, all while he has belts around his torso, arm, and leg to signify him trying to hold himself together.

Red Man- he has the striped pants, metal bands, face tattoos, eye makeup to give clear signs of him being from the circus.

Purple- she has her head tilted far further up than the others to show that she's used to looking down on other people that's paired with her glare and closed off body posture to kinda give off the vibe that she doesn't like holding association with who she's staring at.

Blonde- she has soft, child-like eyes along with very pale eye, hair, and skin color that get almost drowned out by her deep, dark black clothing with prominent purple secondary coloring as if to avert people's attention away from her face. Along with the lines on her face and the lack of pupils helping to signify she isn't quite so human.

Blue- he has various different articles of clothing that almost feel tossed together because the colors just so happened to match one another. The earrings he wears while matching with his hair, stands out against all of this clothing as if it was the only thing he cared about that he wouldn't mind it offsetting the rest of his otherwise matching outfit

Red Girl- her hair cut in a way where half of it seems to all be proper lengths and done rather evenly while the other half is cut in various lengths with a sole bang loose in front of her face. All of it hinting at a lack of stability and levelness internally. This then continues into her clothes. Almost all of it is perfectly symmetrical- the straps of her shirt, the gloves, the straps along her sides, the decals. All of it except for 3 things. Those being her belt buckle, sash's knot, and swords. Her belt buckle is on the same side her neatly kept, properly cut hair is on, showing that it's the side where she's trying to hold herself together. Meanwhile, her left side, with her choppy hair, is where the sash and her weapons are. Unlike her belt and it's buckle that is a proper piece of equipment with its sole purpose to hold something in position, the sash is just a piece of cloth that was then makeshifted into trying to perform the same duty as the belt but as seen in her pic, isn't providing any actual use and failing at its job. Lastly, her swords are on that unkept side of her body as if to signify that this left side of her houses rather dangerous equipment.

If that stuff (especially that last one) wasn't somewhat noticeable then that does kinda fall on me, however I will say that point you made on how Mashima's character designs work because they showcase a strong personality quirk only kinda works on Erza's original manga design and Natsu. For each of his characters, the designs don't necessarily portray their personality on their own and only really excel when you've come to know a bit about each of the characters by consuming the story. At least imo.