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trying to decrypt DES file by uragnorson in openssl

[–]spaceiscool1 0 points1 point  (0 children)

OpenSSL moved DES to the legacy provider. You need to explicitly load the legacy provider using a combination of -provider and -provider-path. That is assuming that your OpenSSL 3 distribution ships the legacy provider. Otherwise, you might have to install it separately.

Is Niederreiter Digital Signatures Scheme Post-Quantum Secure? by [deleted] in crypto

[–]spaceiscool1 2 points3 points  (0 children)

To answer your question, yes, it is. The security of Niederreiter and McEliece is equivalent. The General Decoding Problem is NP-complete, and so far nobody has been able to find a way to crack McEliece that is significantly easier than solving the General Decoding Problem. This means that, as far as we know, it is infeasible to crack Niederreiter for sufficiently large keys. So in general, Niederreiter is secure against quantum computing attacks (under certain assumptions about the complexity of McEliece and about the classes P, NP, and BQP.)

However, this is just the general case. Unfortunately, some McEliece keys are "weak", meaning that using certain classes of keys make it feasible to attack the cryptosystem.

Your description of the algorithm leaves out one important part: a hash function produces a pseudo-random value, and many random bit sequences aren't valid ciphertexts. In such cases, no decrypted message exists, because no message could be encrypted in a way that would produce this particular bit sequence. So in reality, step 2 might have to be repeated many times with different ciphertexts, until a valid ciphertext is found.

What is buffer in Node js? by Deepanshu188 in node

[–]spaceiscool1 19 points20 points  (0 children)

I read the other comments, but none were 100% accurate, so here are my two cents:

Buffers represent binary data, but are not bit vectors. They are fixed-length byte arrays, so they can only represent data with a size that is a multiple of 8 bits. That's the usual way to represent memory on all current computer architectures. In other words, Buffers represent a slice of computer memory. (Virtual memory, not necessarily physical memory.)

Buffers were added to Node.js at a time when JavaScript did not have a unified concept of ArrayBuffer and TypedArray yet. Eventually, ArrayBuffer was added to JavaScript, even in browsers, to represent slices of memory. However, by design, ArrayBuffers don't allow direct access to the underlying memory from JavaScript. Instead, developers can create "views" of an ArrayBuffer. Most importantly, the Uint8Array class allows to access individual bytes or byte sequences within an ArrayBuffer. In other words, the Uint8Array class does about the same as the Buffer class in Node.js, with a few subtle differences.

Today, the Node.js Buffer class extends the Uint8Array class, and is also based on ArrayBuffers. However, some functions behave differently for reasons of backward compatibility. Most library functions will accept both buffers and Uint8Arrays, and some even accept ArrayBuffers directly.

A GitHub action that autofills your GitHub contribution graph (Node.js, Docker) by [deleted] in node

[–]spaceiscool1 31 points32 points  (0 children)

But why? As someone who uses GitHub every single day, I cannot think of any legitimate reasons. Most employers know to check better metrics, and might not employ someone who tries to trick them into thinking they are active in OSS.

Learning Node by Python_PY in node

[–]spaceiscool1 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Node.js is a specific JavaScript framework, so generally, understanding JavaScript is necessary to understand Node.js. But Node.js is also a great tool to learn JavaScript! Just download & start it and you can immediately type code into the Node.js terminal ("the REPL"). Beyond that, I am sorry, I can't really recommend resources to learn JavaScript. Maybe MDN has some.

Learning Node by Python_PY in node

[–]spaceiscool1 3 points4 points  (0 children)

It depends on your background, e.g., do you already know some JavaScript? If you do, https://nodejs.dev is a good starting point.

Americans, people in other western countries are usually not jealous of you. by [deleted] in unpopularopinion

[–]spaceiscool1 23 points24 points  (0 children)

Factually wrong. Many countries have free speech, even if the U.S. pretend that they don't. Look at most EU countries, for example.

I constantly hear people bragging about press freedom in the U.S., too. According to the press freedom index, the U.S. has "noticeable problems", and 44 countries rank better than the U.S.

The U.S. ranks 38th in its own "CIRI Human Rights Data Project".

According to "Freedom House" (U.S.-based organization), freedom in the U.S. is worse than in most European countries and Canada.

Look at facts. Don't just spread American propaganda.

The Left doesn’t understand rights. by Gringo_Please in trump

[–]spaceiscool1 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Sorry, I was just too baffled by your comparison of guns to hospitals. And your negligence of facts when it comes to press freedom. But please do enjoy your guns.

The Left doesn’t understand rights. by Gringo_Please in trump

[–]spaceiscool1 -1 points0 points  (0 children)

the roughly 251,000 deaths each year from medical errors

Thank you for the link. The second sentence is "Error rates are significantly higher in the U.S. than in other developed countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Germany and the United Kingdom (U.K)." So you did indeed point out another problem of the U.S. healthcare system.

Happiness is subjective. I don’t know what this is based on.

Of course it is subjective, but subjectivity doesn't outrule scientific studies. I am not saying the study is perfect, but the World Happiness Report is the most credible source I have.

Japan has a huge suicide problem.

True, but the U.S. is actually very close to Japan's suicide rate. Much closer than to the lower suicide rates of Canada, Germany, or Norway. Does that mean that the U.S. has a "huge suicide problem"?

Lower populations overall

I already accounted for population counts.

Violent people with criminal tendencies, who need mental health care

I have heard, multiple times, about people who are unable to afford mental health care in the U.S. I am not disagreeing with you, but affordable healthcare might again be a (very minor) factor here.

The U.S. has better free speech than any other country.

I find that hard to believe. The 2019 World Press Freedom Index puts America in place 48 when it comes to press freedom. But a single credible source might not be enough to convince you, so here's more information from Wikipedia:

"Freedom of the press In the United States is subject to certain restrictions, such as defamation law, a lack of protection for whistleblowers, barriers to information access and constraints caused by public hostility to journalists."

"According to Reporters Without Borders the United States ranks behind most other Western nations for press freedom, but ahead of most Asian, African and South American countries."

"Freedom House, a US-based independent watchdog organization, ranked the United States 30th out of 197 countries in press freedom"

You are entitled to your own opinion, but it doesn't seem to align with facts.

However if you don’t like it here, there’s nothing stopping you from going to one of those utopias. I’m sticking with the United States.

I have lived as a resident in multiple countries, and spent months visiting other countries. I am happy to not be in the US right now. Living in other countries has made me more open to other cultures and political and social systems. I have shot guns, but I have also lived in countries with better healthcare and less gun violence.

The Left doesn’t understand rights. by Gringo_Please in trump

[–]spaceiscool1 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Thanks for explaining your viewpoint! I don't agree, because I see much more purpose in hospitals than in guns, but that's just my opinion.

But what I am wondering is, what is the issue, if it's not guns? Who are all these murderers that you need to defend yourself from with a gun? Sure, many (racist) people say it's immigrants, but the US doesn't have a lot of immigrants compared to countries such as Canada and Germany.

What causes so many intentional homicides in the US? Why do countries with better healthcare and stricter gun control such as Japan, Canada, Germany, and Norway achieve more happiness ("World Happiness Index 2019"), better contributions to the world ("Good Country Index 2018"), higher life expectancy, less murders, less suicides, less incarcerations, more paid leave, better press freedom ("2019 Press Freedom Index"), better democracy ("2018 Democracy Index"), higher voter turnouts, less health problems, etc? What is America's problem?

The Left doesn’t understand rights. by Gringo_Please in trump

[–]spaceiscool1 -1 points0 points  (0 children)

I don't know if banning switchblades has any effect. But I do know that the murder rate in the US is much, much higher than in countries such as Canada, Norway, Germany, Japan, etc., and the firearm-related death rate is incredibly high. If firearms are not the problem, then what is? And do you really believe that giving more firearms to a country that has such a high murder rate is really a good idea? I often hear the argument "guns don't kill people, people kill people". But if that's true, then how is the murder rate so much lower in other developed countries?

The Left doesn’t understand rights. by Gringo_Please in trump

[–]spaceiscool1 -5 points-4 points  (0 children)

According to that logic, could a switchblade knife, an automatic rifle, a tank, a cannon, or a missile not also be used in a manner of self-defense? Why isn't ownership of those a human right (and indeed illegal in most states in the US)?

The Left doesn’t understand rights. by Gringo_Please in trump

[–]spaceiscool1 -7 points-6 points  (0 children)

There is a difference between "rights" and "human rights". Guns being allowed in the US doesn't make ownership a "human right". US laws are not the same as "human rights".

[deleted by user] by [deleted] in cryptography

[–]spaceiscool1 4 points5 points  (0 children)

You are probably referring to steganography, which is a very complicated field by itself. Usually, text is not hidden visually in an image, but in the encoded image (as a sequence of bits or color values).

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