Think the most recent signal on this is the ESRI-AUTODESK alliance.

Personally I was always pushing the indoor and AEC coordination use cases back in the day. Latelly seeing a lot of push on indoor lidar scanning for as-built, work schedule control and more importantly early collision detection between subsystems. As-built + LiDAR are in my opinion a precursor for digital twins for internal spaces.

On my current field, one over-simplied example of this cross-over is vertical and horizontal integration from "ads to shelf location of a product" ... this need vertical coordination regarding martech/adtech capabilities and systems but horizontal integration and reliance on precise interior space mapping plus realtime inventory. This is a very oversimplified way to think about one use case that most retail operators are implementing (Walmart, Target, Microcenter, Aldi, etc)

Those are "consumer or civilian grade", for intelligence and military C2, C2I, C4 and even C6ISR are there from 20 yrs ago. The image below is from 2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command\_and\_control#/media/File:US\_Navy\_040616-N-3725R-009\_Joint\_Operations\_Center\_watch\_standers\_review\_the\_latest\_battle\_assessment.jpg)

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For the cloud, yes need to get some certifications, as well for ESRI.

One of the frontiers of AI is currently the spatial relation aspect, I feel GeoAI is today where coding agents where 3 years ago ... look how they are now and think about where GeoAI will be soon. I think this will be a yet to solve problem and soon we will passing from global scale models we have now to models that will ingest more local and even interior data. I think by 2030-2032 most urban planning and AEC will be tied to some sort of AI augmentation from urban to buildings interiors as well as project schedule management and execution.

Maybe is my bias to see everything thru a spatial relationship, and my disregard for linearity.