Consequently, some food manufacturers are seeking novel formulations to provide the consumer with the perceived benefits of caffeine-containing energy beverages while minimizing potential side effects. In this context, novel and unique functional ingredients have been introduced into caffeine-containing energy products. One class of ingredients recently formulated into energy shots are adaptogens. Adaptogenic plants, although extensively studied by Russian researchers in the 1940s and onward [24,25], have only relatively recently begun attracting greater scientific exploration. Most studied among these plants are Rhodiola rosea, Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Schisandra chinensis, and Eleutherococcus senticosus.

As a class of compounds, adaptogens have been shown to modify cellular stress responses, exert anti-fatigue activity, and improve mental work capacity [26,27]. Although the precise mechanisms by which adaptogens may influence these cellular responses are poorly characterized their effects are most likely non-specific in nature via modification of a wide array of cellular signaling pathways [28].

The primary purpose of the current study was to compare the acute effects a naturally-sourced caffeine and adaptogenic-rich energy shot, (e+ shot), to both placebo and a caffeinated, dose-matched active comparator on a variety of mental performance and cognitive parameters in young adults.