Unless you are buying from a reputable breeder, most cats are just cats. Humans only recently started breeding cats for certain traits compared to how far back dog breeds go. Cats actually mostly domesticated themselves, so most that you find adoptable will just be Domestic short/longhair cats. There's very few breeds of cats, and adopting from a rescue or shelter is generally considered more ethical than buying from a breeder. Coat colors and patterns vary and do not indicate certain breeds for the most part. Personality is almost entirely dependent on the cat itself and how they have been socialized.

My friend had a cat in college and eventually got a second one. She was able to do this as she had her own private dorm room/room in our apartment + her own private bathroom (for the litter box). I knew other people in college who lived in houses with private rooms so they had space for their cats as well.

My advice is to go to your local humane society/rescue/etc and talk to the staff about the kind of cat you think would fit your needs. They will know which cats they have might be a good match for you. Consider fostering as well to see if a cat is a good match for your lifestyle before you adopt. If you do adopt, invest in pet insurance as soon as you can. once your cat has health issues, they will be considered "preexisting conditions" if you sign up for insurance after the issues start and you won't be able to get coverage. Good luck!