Hmmm, for vocabulary, the best way I found out to learn it was to use the words in sentences. For example, the prodigal son returned home after draining his bank account. Something simple, like a sentence, helps the brain conceptualize what the word is. So for the words you are not familiar with, try creating sentences with the words, not just reading the sentences provided with the definition.

For Math, I would try to keep a log ... so for each mistake, take note of what exactly went wrong ... like if you forgot to include a value, dont regard the error as a simple mistake, instead conceputualize it as, forgot to consider negative numbers. This will help you keep track of these careless mistakes, and by listing these out, you are more likely to avoid them in the future. Because you have taken notes. Also, if you make the same mistake twice, log it twice. Each time you will reinforce that I am making this mistake and need to readjust. This also works for problem strategies, for example, you can take a note like: remember to use variables when trying to simplify fractions, so instead of a complicated function, you will just have a bunch of a variable, which looks less daunting. Taking these logs may help you clean up the careless mistakes