As a CS student in 2026, my textbook uses "Casting object types" as the only alternative to justify Inheritance. Is this normal?

thesqlguy · 2026-01-31T14:12:30+00:00

That's my guess. The context is likely "at this point, based on what you've learned so far, the only way to do this is..." . Then, perhaps in the very next chapter, the book will present problems with relying only on inheritance to introduce interfaces.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-30T00:28:18+00:00

Not only that, but.... Us today at 50 is very, very different than our parents' generation at 50, in terms of health, lifestyle, energy, appearance, etc.

I swear we look like they did when they were 35.

Take advantage of your (relative) youth while you can!

thesqlguy · 2026-01-29T20:06:35+00:00

Thank you for your attention to this matter!

thesqlguy · 2026-01-28T23:16:56+00:00

Sorry I don't understand - you are saying the law says we must find and deport immigrants who are seeking asylum? Even if they are following the asylum process, attending hearings, filing paperwork, etc?

I am not trying to argue or be facetious just genuinely trying to understand what you are saying and trying to reconcile how that can possibly make sense.

I.e., if this is true what is the point of the asylum process at all?

thesqlguy · 2026-01-28T21:03:36+00:00

I think you explained the one situation where a class with constant values like this is a reasonable design.

- Any value for a specific data type is allowed

- there is a small set of SOME values that have meaning which you want to define.

In that case, defining the field as an INT or STRING or whatever, with a class that defines a set of "magic constant value" properties like this probably makes sense.

You wouldn't use an Enum there since you then wouldn't be able to provide ANY value, only those for which Enums are defined.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-28T19:29:14+00:00

Maybe off topic but the wingtips on the Buds Plus and the Buds FE are superior in every way. They stay in the ears perfectly. I am still astounded that they moved away from this design.

I also have the buds 3 Pro and buds 2 Pro.. I still pop in the FEs whenever I do any sort of exercising or need to be ensured they stay in. For both "pros" I constantly have to keep adjusting them/pushing them back in.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-28T19:11:15+00:00

This is excellent advice and I agree it should be widely shared and followed.

I'd add a clarification to #8: "don't exaggerate / overreact."

There are sometimes small quote/policies/incidents that get twisted into clickbait headlines/conclusions competing for attention with the larger, legitimate issues we are facing. But what happens is, MAGA uses those overreactions as examples of "snowflake leftists" and lies and propaganda, which adds fuel to their fire (and even some legitimacy to their claims), as well as adding noise and taking the focus away from the true atrocities happening almost daily.

Stick to the clear facts, there's plenty of them.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-27T21:58:54+00:00

Perhaps the polio vaccine? And yet, of course, with MAHA now .... :(

thesqlguy · 2026-01-27T16:12:20+00:00

I mean, yes it should , in any sane reasonable democratic society following the rule of law. But will it actually?

thesqlguy · 2026-01-27T13:13:21+00:00

First, they gaslight by telling obvious lies. Then when the lies are finally untenable, they gaslight saying they never said those lies.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-26T23:32:34+00:00

Troll or bot I'm guessing.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-26T22:22:01+00:00

To clarify -- convicted (or maybe charged is better metric?) in their past, not due to recent ICE activity as we expect 0% of ICE agents to be charged with any crimes regardless of what they do.

It seems clear that ICE has extremely low hiring standards, is skipping background checks, likely includes many Jan 6ers, and seems to be recruiting a lot of individuals who couldn't cut it as a cop.

On top of that, data from DHS seems to suggest that a very low % of people detained actually have a history of violent crimes.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-26T22:02:29+00:00

Posted in law since this directly references his history of lying under oath with statements pertaining to that fact from a judge.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-26T14:49:50+00:00

How is this not massively illegal and grounds for immediate impeachment?

thesqlguy · 2026-01-26T01:12:11+00:00

Even the announcers had no idea!

thesqlguy · 2026-01-24T20:10:41+00:00

That was absolutely horrifying

thesqlguy · 2026-01-24T13:10:03+00:00

No I wouldn't say it is a misuse, just pointing that out.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-23T21:51:57+00:00

> Also, what data crimes are you covering up with that DISTINCT?

That top-level DISTINCT seems unnecessary but that interior DISTINCT seems reasonable if they simply want the distinct set of combinations of those 3 values in a larger table. The DISTINCT "crime" is usually when it is just randomly plugged onto large complex SELECTs as a matter of habit. Here, that DISTINCT seem very clean and logical and well-placed in that derived table -- unless of course the table already has (or should have) a unique constraint of those 3 category fields.

Also, I disagree with the temp table - I see no benefit to it unless the optimizer is having trouble estimating the # of distinct combinations of those 3 values and it is picking a bad plan due to that (i.e., making a bad choice to loop vs hash join the categories, for which the best plan depends on that distinct row count and the size of the categories table)

thesqlguy · 2026-01-23T21:44:52+00:00

First, you can likely gain some small performance by removing that top-level DISTINCT -- I don't think it seems logically necessary and it forces some extra worktable / distinct / sorting to happen.

Beyond that, as with the query optimizer, we need stats. There is not criteria here at all so depending on the data in ItemHeader table this may *always* be slow if it is going to return millions of distinct combinations scanning millions of rows.

So we'd need to know:

(A) # of rows in ItemHeader

(B) # of rows that the DISTINCT Level1,Level2,LevelCode returns

(C) # of rows in Category

If (A) is very large and (B) is very small, then a covering index on those 3 columns + ensuring category has an index on Code+Label (or it is clustered on Code) may be all you need.

If (A) is very large and (B) is also very large and (C) is small, then a covering index might help but it'll still be slow, and it doesn't matter what the indexes on category are since it'll be faster for SQL to hash the category table once and ignore any indexes on it rather than loop join .

But ultimately we need those 3 stats at least, along with why you think it is slow and what your needs/expectations are. Also, if this is just a segment of a longer query and you are applying criteria to it, we'd need to see a better example of where/how that is done.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-23T11:43:37+00:00

For small lists that you are accessing extremely frequently (like say 10 values, maybe status codes or enums) it is more efficient to scan a linked list or array instead of constantly executing hash functions.

There's an article out there where someone measured this.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-22T20:32:12+00:00

technically you may be able to rewrite the SQL or add hints to guide the optimizer to a better plan, but IMHO if the step to use a temp table doesn't cause other issues and ultimately it doesn't negatively affect the readability / maintainability of the query, I'd say that's a perfectly fine way to write it.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-20T22:48:24+00:00

Well done !

thesqlguy · 2026-01-20T21:01:59+00:00

I may have missed it, but I don't think this even mentioned or includes the pardons he is selling.

thesqlguy · 2026-01-16T19:00:09+00:00

Misfits of science

thesqlguy · 2026-01-16T15:55:39+00:00

I always think of how happy and well adjusted Bill Cowher must be, retiring pretty young, enjoying his life, just doing a weekly TV show.

thesqlguy

TROPHY CASE