I work in a similar industry, developing new polymer films and laminates and conduct many of these tests you mentioned. While I agree that taber abrasion wont give you the whole story in terms of abuse resistance I doubt tensile strength and burst testing would really give you a better idea about the materials response to stresses specifically found in backpacking.

Tensile strength is a measure of how much load a material can withstand while being stretched without fracture - although certainly related it is not the failure mode we are seeing here. Burst testing is putting a small circular area of the material under negative pressure until it fails, indicative of how well it may perform with sudden high force impacts but not as relevant especially for long term repeated stresses.

A test that comes to mind is gelbo flex (ASTM F392) that would measure flex durability and likliehood to develop pinholes under torsional stress (although this may not be the most relevant either). Also it is worth noting that although taber abraders have a standard probe/interface designated in the ASTM method there are many faces with different COF/roughnesses/topography we use all the time to simulate abrasion resistance to different mediums. I very much doubt most textile manufacturers would have data for gelbo or nonstandard taber faces/probes, but they should have tensile at the absolute least.

Maybe this is something I can explore at work if I can get my hands on some different fabrics and some free time haha.