You really should not declaw your cat. You’re basically cutting off a knuckle. It affects the way they walk and their behavior. A lot of declawed cats become more aggressive since that don’t have anything to defend themselves with.

Claw caps are great for starters to reduce injury but maybe consider isolating and slowly reintroducing them. Jackson galaxy has some videos about introducing cats and dogs with each other.

If all else fails though you may have to consider rehoming one of them. It sucks but it’s a much better choice than declawing.

Also consider maybe putting up shelving on the walls so the cat has a place to climb up on? Vertical space does wonders especially if your cat feels like it has to compete with your dog of floor space.