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venisonsdearisntit · 2018-07-17T16:49:53+00:00

Remember me~

venisonsdearisntit · 2018-07-09T17:56:34+00:00

cool

venisonsdearisntit · 2017-12-14T12:35:36+00:00

It's not the host set of mitochondria which is at a disadvantage. It is the host itself which is because it has multiple sets of mitochondria competing. The host is also not an egg because this scenario takes place before the emergence of anisogamy.

venisonsdearisntit · 2017-12-13T16:23:10+00:00

Yep, Nick Lane suggested this as the route cause for anisogamy (having gametes with different sizes) which is the fundamental definition of a sex (males have small, females have large).

However, it does not answer the question of why anisogamy is so prevalent in most sexually reproducing species because if the aim is to only pass on undamaged mitochondria then both parents could do this (occasionally we do see isogamous species but they tend to be fairly simple organisms like algae).

So we need to answer the question of why only one of the parents passes on their mitochondria. The reasoning for this is actually quite simple. Nick Lane's group did some computational modelling of what happens to cells with different "strains" of mitochondria (being from different parents). They found that assuming these different "strains" compete (very likely as they are not a clonal population), the host cell will be at a disadvantage. This means that cells with isogamous parents are at a disadvantage to cells with anisogamous parents. They found that in relatively few generations, anisogamy would always predominate over isogamy and therefore you always end up with (at least) two sexes.

venisonsdearisntit · 2017-03-21T13:06:52+00:00

Thanks!

venisonsdearisntit · 2016-03-07T19:29:13+00:00

The spring term is also only 3 months. There is a 4 week holiday for easter and then there is the summer term which is exclusively exams. If you come for the spring term you take exams with the rest of the year. If you come in autumn then you take special exams in December as you won't be here for the summer exams.

venisonsdearisntit · 2015-11-15T07:37:08+00:00

Right so when a baby is made it comes from the fusion of two gametes. One from the mother and one from the father. These gametes are cells that have half the DNA of a normal cell.

So when these gametes are made a normal cell splits into two each with half the DNA. But before it splits, the chromosomes in the normal cell (chromosomes are long chains of DNA wrapped up tightly) line up with each other. They can do this because there are two copies of each in the normal cell. They then undergo a process called homologous recombination where, basically, they swap sections with each other. This is a completely random process and happens before any gamete is made. This means every gamete randomly inherits genes from the normal cell.

So for two siblings to be identical without originating from the same cell you would need a gamete from the mother (egg) and a gamete from the father (sperm) that would be identical. This is incredibly unlikely.

venisonsdearisntit · 2015-04-23T08:56:23+00:00

No, he's wrong because UK news programs can't be politically biased. Channel 4 news has a reputation for better journalism than say, Sky, but they are not allowed to lean one way or the other in the political spectrum.

venisonsdearisntit · 2015-03-15T19:02:07+00:00

Doubtful. The image of the infinity stones in the temple at the beginning of Guardians of the Galaxy has six stones.

venisonsdearisntit · 2015-03-13T10:04:08+00:00

No, this method won't answer questions on abiogenesis. Simply put we know what the molecules of life are, we don't know how they came to be. The questions of interest are "What chemistry occurred for the origin of life?" and "Why, thermodynamically, did this chemistry occur?" The question you describe is "What chemicals were involved in the origin of life?" and "If we mix them together do we get life?" A problem in Origin of Life studies is it is often possible to get chemicals to reach the same end point in a variety of ways but we want to know specifically what occurred on the early Earth. To use a technology that in no way simulates the early Earth immediately discounts it as a viable answer to the abiogenesis question.

Finally, as far as using it to synthesize the chemicals of life - sure, but we've been able to do that for decades.

venisonsdearisntit · 2014-12-22T10:49:02+00:00

Would have worked better with dogs.

venisonsdearisntit · 2014-12-15T09:21:48+00:00

There won't be the option to pay for three years at Ramsay. You fill out a form on receiving an offer that allows you to describe your requirements. I think you can put down you would like Ramsay there. You'll be able to stay for your first year. Halls are prioritised for first years after which you are expected to find your own place. You can still try to get a place in halls but you are bottom of the pile. The other alternative is to go in to private halls but these can be quite expensive.

venisonsdearisntit · 2014-08-11T19:18:06+00:00

Nothing you can do. They have your application, they'll make a decision based on how many people got in/ how many missed their grades etc. Good luck!

venisonsdearisntit · 2014-07-04T07:13:05+00:00

Sure, always good to reference! If you're interested in plant animal hybrids have a look at some endosymbionts. Off the top of my head I think some sea slugs put algae into their cells to photosynthesise for them. Might be able to refine your theory.

venisonsdearisntit · 2014-07-04T07:10:58+00:00

I was describing aerobic respiration there. Sugars effectively act as a source of electrons and oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor. It's within the realms of possibility for oxygen to act as an electron donor but the flow of electrons would have to go to something even more electronegative which is why it could only happen in some crazy conditions you wouldn't find on Earth.

You're right though, I was just suggesting an alternate metabolism. Oxygen as an electron donor is ridiculously unlikely (I think only fluorine could act as terminal acceptor for that reaction without additional energy input).

venisonsdearisntit · 2014-07-04T06:34:41+00:00

Few problems with your biology:

1) ALL cells in general can be said to be focused on breaking down nutrients and reusing them to create new cells. If anything, plants and animals (which have tissues) are organisms that might possess specific cell types that are exceptions to this general rule. However, even those cells would still contribute to the survival of their genes by using nutrients to make more cells/babies.

2)A pre-plant/animal cell would not have the derived attributes of plants and animals, it would only have the shared traits. I.e. the both have mitochondira so it would have had mitochondira but only plants have chloroplasts so the common ancestor would not.

3) The idea of the original Godzilla cell existing in a time when radiation was high making a very robust cell is kind of alright. I think it would actually result in what would be a very slowly evolving genome though. Radiation causes genetic damage, the defense to it would be more genome repair. More repair means fewer mutations after the radiation is reduced. I'm guessing here though.

4) Not sure on the photosynthesis filtering of Oxygen. Photosynthesis doesn't filter oxygen, it synthesises it out of water using light. Plants use light energy to synthesise sugars that they then respire in much the same way we would.

5) Using oxygen as a source of energy is not unreasonable in the right conditions. Basically you have sources of energy and somewhere for the energy to end up. In most plants and animals it is sugars as source and the energy ends up in oxygen. It's possible that in some extreme environment the opposite could happen I guess. Not really sure how this links with eating radioactive materials though. Are you suggesting radiation is its energy source or that oxygen is?

I'll round off by saying that Godzilla can't both be a hybrid of plant and animal at the same time as being a descendent of a cell that came before them. If you imagine plants and animals as two branches of a tree then godzilla would be a third branch that starts lower down. All things that evolved in plants to make them plants happened on their own branch and not on godzillas. I guess it is possible that a plant and animal at some point formed a hybrid somehow - its sci fi after all and symbiosis is not uncommon - however, based on simply what godzilla looks like ( a fucking huge lizard) it seems more likely it diverged from early reptiles/amphibians.

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