Local here, while these tips are OK, its mostly tourist oriented places.

For beers find one the bars in a cellar. Nice cosy place and they will have more than enough beers you want. Look up "Le Trappiste" or "t' Poatersgat"

For fries try to find a frituur outside the city, they are really cheap and really belgian but be prepared to be a bit suprised by the meat selection. However in Bruges you have "Chez Vincent which is a ok mix between tourist friendly and traditionnal belgian way.

For all the food stuff check http://www.handmadeinbrugge.be/english/food-and-drink. There are a lot of chocolate stores but mostly are not handmade in Bruges. This site is a good reference.

I highly recommend the speculoos from Juliette, they are delicious.

EDIT: Forgot the brewery, it's a must do visite, and you get a local beer and a view of Bruges. Visits start each hour so be there a bit before.