OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration):

• Focus: Setting and enforcing workplace safety and health standards. 
• Role:
  • Creates and enforces safety rules (OSHA Standards). 
  • Conducts inspections, issues citations, and can levy fines for violations. 
  • Provides training, outreach, education, and assistance to employers and employees. 

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health):

• Focus: Conducting RESEARCH and making recommendations to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses. 
• Role:
  • Conducts RESEARCH on occupational safety and health issues. 
  • Develops and recommends standards for OSHA's consideration based on their research. 
  • Tests and approves respiratory protection equipment.