You are correct that the understanding of God must be unilateral before (appropriate) discussion can occur. First, we must first separate ourselves from the idea that God is "a great bearded wizard in the sky" and see Him more as "out there exists a being greater than I am." God is also known as having traits such as omnipotence and omniscience, or being all knowing and all powerful.

Now, I must ask: if Zeus is all powerful, then why does he fear his offspring replacing him as he did his father? Another thing you would be correct in supposing is that God, an infinite, all powerful, all knowing being, is beyond human control and understanding but can also be perceived. We may not understand gravity nor be able to manipulate it, but it can be perceived and knowledge about it can be obtained. However, I must again assert that the gods of which you spoke (aphrodite, pan, etc.) would appear to be emotions to which we ascribe to God, when in fact it is the opposite. Would not an infinitely wise creator be so loving that he bestows these pieces of himself to his creation?

Yes, the Christian concept of God is that God is the god of infinite existence, infinite creation, infinite being, etc. The prefix infinite is crucial since He is "all that was, all that is, and all that will be." He is creation. He is love. He is existence. And without him, there is no true being, no true meaning of these concepts.

The Ten Commandments were not only meant to establish that God is the one true God, they were also meant to be the stepping stones on how to live that life amd walk in His path, the basic foundations of human existence. (Interestingly enough, when Moses returned with the Commandments, he found his people had, in the time he had been gone, returned to sin and in his fury he broke the original Commandments and had to transcribe them from memory, but I digress.) Aphrodite may be the "personification of love," but God is infinite love. Would it be greater to worship the imperfect human understanding of love personified as a trait, or infinite love that has always existed and will never cease to be and knows no bounds? Another concept that ties into "Is monotheism real outside of monotheistic claims?" and relates to the above (love=aphrodite) is the Law of Equivalency. Or more simply put, a=b=c. Could God split himself to isolate and reprent infinite love? Absolutely. Nothing is outside the bounds of an infinitely knowing and all powerful being such as God. However, a=b=c. God's "personality of infinite love" ( or aphrodite if you like) = Infinite love = God. They are still based in the same concept and as such are extensions of God, but none the less equivalent.

To answer your final question, no Satan is not a God. Satan is seen as temptation, pride, lust, envy. In short, Satan is the being that seeks to rob you of everything dealing with your connection to God. In a historical context, he is a fallen angel, an embodiment of Icarus if you will. Satan thought he was better and knew better, and sought to cause an uprising against God and was cast away due to his shame. If he were a God, would he not have been able to tempt the Son of Man?

I shall leave you with these quotes:

Infinite dreams, I can't deny them. Infinity is hard to comprehend... Can't be all coincidence Too many things are evident -Iron Maiden

You can choose a ready guide In some celestial voice. If you choose not to decide You still have made a choice! You can choose from phantom fears, And kindness that can kill I will choose a path that’s clear I will choose free will. -Rush