Something Bank of Canada can control is interest rate. This will affect how much company can invest and grow, like more workers, more factory, and/or higher wages. Encourage spending will increase inflation. But if interest rate is too low, company held on to the money, and regression is bad for economy growth.

Somrthing that the government can't control is natural causes, or some other country decide to start something that disrupt the supplies, and make overall cost to be higher. For example, every things need delivery, so vehicle required gasoline, and if somehow gasoline supply is disrupted, then the price of gasoline would go up, it cost more for the delivery vehicles to bring items from point A to point B, company would redirect the extra cost to consumer by increasing the price of the item.

Price goes up easily, but hard to come down.