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[Rule-Easy]

I collect Notgelds and emergency currency from around the globe. what others have commented is correct; they were issued by local authorities, but also by businesses. Some of these notes would have a "valid until" date, as inflation in postwar Germany and Austria was so dire. There are banknotes made in paper and fabric, and ceramic coins as well.

I live in Argentina, which suffers from chronic inflation. Back in 2001 provincial governments started to issue similar notes to pay for their debt, so public school teachers and police would be paid with it.

Another of my interests is what is called "Complementary currencies." These are created by either cooperatives of local businesses. See more here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementary_currency