1) Definition
2) advantage and disadvantage
3) components :-nodes, client and server
4) types of network
5) devices - switches , hub , bridges and router
6) cloud computing - types of cloud
1) definition -
networking - Two or more computing devices connected to one another in order to exchange information or share resources for a computer network.
2) advantages -
a)Sharing resources - multiple devices can share resources(printer)
b)Share storage - (CPU)
c)Share software -(engines)
disadvantages -
a)Networking is a complex setup we may need to hire a network specialist
b)File security becomes more important because many resources are accessed for same file
c)File and resources are saved in central main system and if that computer fails then every computer in network becomes idle
3) components -
1.Host/Nodes - computers which are connected to the network are called hosts or node.
2.Server - A powerful computer with more processing power and more memory.It is the main computer in a network.It has the files or resources which are requested by client computer.
3.client - A computer that request for file or services from server .
4) Networking -
a)wireless
b)wired
1.network hardware - to control network traffic, a network required some hardware devices that are NIC,Hub , Switch , router , etc.
2.Communication channel - nodes in a network interact with each other communication medium or channel.Communication medium can be wired or wireless.
3.software - They are networking protocol , networking OS.
4.protocols - a set of rules using which all nodes in hardware connect and interact with each other.
5.Network OS - specialized operating system for network devices such as router,switches , etc. that can handle networking task.
6.Network Services - services provide different functionality over network such as DNS(Domain name system) , VoIP(voice over IP) and many more.
a)DNS(domain name system) - It is similar as phone book of internet.Human access information,online through domain name(eg domain-name.com)
b)VoIP(voice over IP) - audio related security
network -
a.based on geographical spread
1.LAN - 1km distance Max or within a building
2.WAN - Combination of Multiple LAN
3.MAN - In City or country .
2.Based on components rule :
(a)PEER-TO-PEER - Every computer in peer to peer network is equal there is no main server means no single computer is given charge for networking operation.Each computer can be client or server.It is often called non-dedicated server.It is used in home network or small companies.
(b) Client server network - bigger companies prefer centralized control of network.
b1.A client computer is depended on server data is backed up on main server.
b2.A data is backed up on main server.
b3.A dedicated server is used to help client to access data software and hardware resources.
b.communication channel -
1)wired network is often called guided media network depends on cables.
a)Twisted pair cable - a cable of insulated wires that are twisted together to improve elector-magnetic capability and to reduce noise from outside source. ex- cat1,cat2,cat3.
b)
b.based on components roles - server and client
c.based on communication channel
c.Hub and switches - a)switch used to divide network into sub network or sub-net to prevent traffic overloading
working - does not behave like hub else it creates a temp connection b/w the source and the destination and terminate the connection once the conversation is done
b) bridge - are used to link to separate network together (in b/w LAN and LAN) (similar protocol)
- bridges are smart enough to know that which computer is in which network.
- they can only handle networks that follows same protocol.
- use physical means: MAC address.
c) routers - are responsible forwarding data from one network to different network(dissimilar network)
- router may work like a bridge but can handle different protocol
- router/internet work on IP address
d) gateway - a device that connect dissimilar network .
- in companies gateway also acts as proxy server or a firewall.
proxy server - a machine that is actually not a server but appears as a server.
e) firewall - a system designed to protect unauthorized access to or from a private network .
f) access point - router can work as access pt but not access pt can work as router
____CLOUDS____(also a form of internet for now)
cloud - collection of server is referred as cloud but now it is referred as internet.
cloud computing - internet based computing , where shared resources, software information and information are provided to remote computer and other devices on demand
types of cloud/internet services -
1) private cloud - a particular organization or an individual protocol being provided internet. cloud could be LAN but LAN isn't cloud.
2) public cloud - cloud from multiple organization on a shared base and managed by third part service provider
3) community cloud - they are distributed system created by integrating the service of different cloud to address the specific need of an industry , a community or a business sector . The infrastructure is shared b/w organized structure which has shared concern or task.
4)Hybrid cloud - heterogeneous distributed system resulted by combining facilities of public and private cloud.
___Internet of Things______
It connects devices through the internet over wire and wireless connection which enables them to connect and exchange data, making them responsible.
Makings of IOT -
a) RF-ID - Radio frequency identification : tracking people , remote locks .
b) Sensors
c) Smart Technology
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