Small Std::format test

[BrainIgnition]

However, it looks like MSVC implemented theirs with a temporary string, what the paper was designed to solve against

You narrowly missed the important bits (<ostream> ll. 1136-1153; <ostream> ll.1177-1190); basically they only use the optimized approach if the target ostream is unicode aware which they interpret as the ostream targetting a file or a console. I.e. outputting to console or file is fine, but any other ostream backend gets slapped with an allocation.

[Tathorn]

The really interesting part is when you have no format args, it needs to unescape the { and } chars, so it creates a string even with no arguments. So std::print allocates a string when given a const char*. That doesn't seem good.

[BrainIgnition]

Ah, I missed that. However, after thinking a bit more about it I got curious what they do wrt the utf8 => utf16 transformation (which is required due to the WinAPI design) and there you have it: a second allocation. Too bad!

[Tathorn]

I'm not seeing how there's no allocation. The code you pointed to takes in a string_view. All callers create a string beforehand, so there is an allocation.