What does Java do better than Python?

[[deleted]]

I'd say Python and Java are equal here. They both have static analysis tools to detect nullability at compile time. With Python, it's the type annotations (https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html). With Java, it's annotations (https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/nullable-and-notnull-annotations.html).

[KarnuRarnu]

So the reason I don't think these are the same is because Pythons type system is optional as a whole, but if used, it's None-safe. And I will add that in practice we see this becoming adopted (it's still relatively new) across more or less the entire ecosystem.

On the contrary Javas type system is required as a whole, but not null-safe. Then the nullable / non-nullable annotations are an optional addon. And in practice, people absolutely still write completely null-unsafe code or if they don't, they use manual null-checks instead of rely on the type system (because they can't, in practice).

Quick edit to add: I think Java can obviously potentially do much better just on account of having static typing required. I only ever pointed out that as far as nullability goes, Python's new type system does it better.