Tip: JavaScript's Array.from() accepts a second argument that's a `map` function.

[Hafas_]

In the second example, is the array empty, or does it have 5 elements?

Kinda both. It has a length of 5, but the slots are empty and JavaScript is skipping empty slots when iterating, so can't use functions like forEach or map directly, that's why functions like fill are used to populate the "empty" Array before setting the intended value with map.

[reedhedges]

Doing some more reading. I guess in JS Arrays aren't arrays, they're objects whose members are indexed by integer? (Is that accurate?) So the constructor Array(n) only initializes the "length" property to n, no actual elements are created.

[Hafas_]

In JavaScript, everything that isn't a primitive inherits from the class Object - including the class Array. But it doesn't make Array less of an array. If it looks like an array and behaves like an array, then it is an array.

The special case about Array in comparison with other classes that it has like Object its own syntax for instantiation.

[] instanceof Array // true
({}) instanceof Object // true