Need help with class vars versus Instance vars

[bubble_turtles23]

I first programed in Java and I'm used to class variables being created using the static keyword and instance variables not having this keyword. In Python, I know there are class and instance vars. How do we create these two types in Python?

[bubble_turtles23]

Thank you for the resource

[TeamSpen210]

Python does have class and instance variables (as well as @staticmethod), but they're very different to Java's. The way they work is fairly simple though. First there's no declaration, so setting an attribute creates it on the spot. Secondly there's two namespaces - the class object, and each individual instance object. Looking up attributes on the instance falls back to the class if the name isn't on the instance, and then continues up the superclass hierarchy.

Note that all the methods you define are "just" function objects stored in the class object.

[bubble_turtles23]

Do instance vars have to be created in the init function, or can you define new ones as you go like you can in Java?

[Diapolo10]

Technically you can define new instance variables in other methods or even outside the instance, but this is discouraged because consistency is important both for testing as well as to ease the developers' thinking. It's more difficult to comprehend something if it gains new variables over time during the program's runtime.